The town of Iznik (ancient Nicaea) is unique in many respects: it hosted two ecumenical councils, and its location on the lake (tr. İznik Gölü) makes it an attractive holiday destination. However, the most unavoidable feature of Iznik are the well-preserved fortifications that still surround the city today. When entering Iznik, you must pass through one of the historical gates, and while walking around the city, you will notice the layout of communication routes preserved from ancient times. They are based on two main arteries crossing Iznik from east to west and from north to south.

The Commercial Agora had three main gates, enabling access from the north onto Harbour Street, the south-east, and the west. The most impressive and best-preserved of these gates is the so-called Gate of Mazaeus and Mithridates on the south-eastern side, very close to the Celsus Library. This monument is also the only large-scale structure of the Augustan building programme that survived the earthquake of 23 CE.

This text is a fragment of a guidebook to Ephesus: "The Secrets of Ephesus".

This text is a fragment of a guidebook to Ephesus: "The Secrets of Ephesus".

The guided tours of Ephesus usually finish with the visit to the area of the State Agora and the monuments surrounding it. However, after leaving the archaeological site via the Southern Entrance, it is worthwhile to stay here for a moment or two, to see some ancient buildings situated outside the official sightseeing paths.