Apart from the grand mosques erected on the orders of the Ottoman sultans, there are numerous smaller historical mosques in Edirne, founded by various dignitaries. One of these buildings is known as Kadı Bedrettin Mosque.

This small mosque was built in 1530. It consists of a prayer room covered with a dome and a portico supported by three columns and covered with two smaller domes. The building was erected of regularly cut stone blocks, separated by layers of bricks. At the entrance to the prayer hall, there is an inscription in Arabic script, informing that the mosque was erected in the name of Kadı Bedrettin. He was a judge (qadi), responsible for the city services. He first served at this position in Aleppo and then was transferred to Edirne where he died around 1530.

The founders of the mosque, built after the death of Kadı Bedrettin, were Şeyh Çelebi and Şeyhülislam Şemseddin Ahmet. Şemseddin Ahmed, born in Edirne into a distinguished military family, was an Ottoman historian, lawyer and poet. During the reign of Sultan Suleiman I, he was appointed as the Sheikh ul-Islam, i.e. supreme head of the Muslim ulema, a post which he held until his death in 1536.

Kadı Bedrettin Mosque was severely damaged by the earthquake in 1752. As a result, the central dome collapsed, and it was replaced by a simple wooden roof. After another earthquake, which hit Edirne in 1953, a thorough renovation of the building began. It was completed in 1960, and the mosque regained its dome and original appearance. The most recent modification to the mosque was the closure of the portico with large glass panels that protect the building and the faithful from the effects of weather conditions.