Gate of the Spring (Silivrikapı) of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople

The Gate of the Spring, also known as the Pege Gate, Balıklı Kapı, and Silivrikapı, forms one of the southern gates of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople. Located between the Second Military Gate and the Third Military Gate, it originally occupied a position of both practical and symbolic significance. It lies in the modern suburb of Balıklı, between the heptagonal towers 35 and 36, which were extensively rebuilt in later Byzantine times: its southern tower bears an inscription dated to 1439 commemorating repairs carried out under John VIII Palaiologos. The gate arch was replaced in the Ottoman period. In addition, in 1998, a subterranean basement with the 4th/5th century reliefs and tombs was discovered underneath the gate.

Gate of the Spring (Silivrikapı) of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople
Gate of the Spring (Silivrikapı) of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople

Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Karagümrük

Perched near the ancient Gate of Charisius (Edirnekapı) along the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Karagümrük is the second and larger of two mosques commissioned by the beloved daughter of Suleyman the Magnificent. Unlike its smaller namesake across the Bosphorus in Üsküdar, this European-side mosque rises majestically on one of Istanbul's highest hills, asserting both spiritual presence and architectural grace. It is here, amidst the echoes of the city's Byzantine past, that Mihrimah Sultan's vision of monumental devotion and Sinan's genius converge in stone and light.

Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Karagümrük
Mihrimah Sultan Mosque in Karagümrük

Second Military Gate of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople

The Second Military Gate of the Theodosian Land Walls of Constantinople is situated between towers 30 and 31 of the formidable double-wall fortifications constructed during the reign of Emperor Theodosius II in the early 5th century. It stands in Sümbül Efendi neighbourhood, between Xylokerkos/Belgrade Gate around 430 meters to the south and Gate of the Spring/Silivrikapı some 300 meters to the north. The neighbourhood itself hides several gems of historical nature which are also described below.

Second Military Gate of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople
Second Military Gate of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople

First Military Gate of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople

The First Military Gate, in Turkish known as İlk Askeri Kapı, is the southernmost gateway of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, located at the junction with the Sea Walls that ran along the Sea of Marmara. The gate is situated next to the Tower 1 of the Theodosian Walls, just to the north of that tower. This area is called the Yedikule neighbourhood and several important historical building of different eras can be seen in the vicinity of the gate.

First Military Gate and Tower 1 of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople
First Military Gate and Tower 1 of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople

The Miletus cave and the Asclepius cult

Text and photos by our correspondent from Didim, Jay Jean Jackson.

The cave at Miletus, which is underneath the theatre, is an ancient sanctuary dating back to the Hellenistic and Roman eras. There is evidence to suggest it could have been used as a healing sanctuary during ancient times dedicated to Asclepius, a demigod of medicine and healing, and the son of Apollo.

The Miletus cave
The Miletus cave

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